Efficacy and safety of oral pharmacological and supplementary therapies in bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review

Abstract Treatment goals in bladder pain syndrome (BPS) or interstitial cystitis (IC) focusing on relieving symptoms to improve quality of life and avoiding adverse events (AEs) since curative treatment for BPS/IC is not available. The readily available pharmacologic options including oral, intravesical, transdermal therapy. purpose this study review randomized trial studies over the last 15 years examining efficacy safety oral pharmacological supplementary therapies BPS/IC. A systematic search was conducted PubMed Medline Library. Only randomized-controlled trials comparative published between 2005 2020 were included. keywords used “bladder syndrome”, “interstitial cystitis”, “random” “trial”. From 629 articles, nine included review. Oral consist cyclosporine (CyA), amitriptyline, amitriptyline plus alpha lipoic acid (ALA) omega-3 fatty acids ( n -3 PUFA), PD-0299685, sildenafil, pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), AQX-1125, hydrogen-rich water. Among retrieved trials, combination with ALA PUFA, proved their Sildenafil generally well tolerated, while CyA must be caution, supplementation ALA/ PUFAs possibly lower dosage subsequently reduce its AEs. superior PPS but possessed greater Further etiopathology phenotype differentiation will greatly contribute development effective